A solar charge controller is an important part of the solar power system. It is because it controls the solar power that travels to the battery bank. In the most basic form, these controllers are responsible for preventing the deep-cycle batteries from overcharging during the daytime, the time when sun rays are abundant. They also keep the batteries from discharging during the night, the time when there is no direct exposure to the sun.
With such an important function that they are responsible for, the charge controllers come in two types: MPPT Solar Charge Controllers and PWM Solar Charge Controllers. Both control the solar power travelling depending on the battery’s charge level.
Despite being responsible for the same function, there are important differences between PWM and MPPT Solar Charge Controllers. Here are some to note:
| Function | MPPT Solar Charge Controller | PWM Solar Charge Controller |
| Full Form | It stands for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Solar Charge Controller. | It is expanded to Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) Solar Charge Controller. |
| Temperature | It is best suited for colder conditions. The MPPT solar charge controller can capture the excess module voltage to charge the batteries. | The technology charges at the same temperature as the battery. In hotter conditions, no excess voltage is transferred to the battery. |
| System Size | It is recommended for a solar system size that is between 150W-200W or even higher. | It is ideal for smaller system sizes. |
| Cost & Efficiency | Despite being slightly costlier, they are more efficient under certain situations. This feature makes it a smart choice for the future. | PWM is more economical and can be the best choice during conditions when array size and type of solar modules are considered. |
| Solar Module Type | When the modules used are not 36-cell and are either too high or low battery charges, the MPPT solar charge controller comes to the rescue. | PWM can be easily used in a 36-cell module. |
With the differences between a PWM and MPPT solar charge controller being understood, let’s look at six ways in which the MPPT solar charge controller benefits the solar power system:
- High Productivity: It is highly productive, and its maximum productivity goes up to 98%. For a better understanding, you must know that the productivity of PWM is up to 68-70%.
- Effective Under Extreme Situations: The MPPT solar charge controller works the best under challenging situations like cold weather, low battery charge, and when there are long wires between the battery and panel.
- Durability: It usually has a product life that spans over a decade. An MPPT solar power controller is also responsible for increasing the longevity of the PV panel by controlling the power flow.
- Provides Safety: These controllers have input power transient protection and a galvanic isolation design that prevents mishaps and keeps the entire solar power system safe.
- Multiple Usage: The MPPT solar power controller can be used for multiple functions. It includes 3G, 4G, and 5G base stations, unstable grid areas, satellite communication stations on the ground, and other telecom applications.
- Reduces Thermal Discrepancy: The MPPT controller has a front-to-back fan that helps limit thermal discrepancies. It also keeps a check on C02 emissions.
Solar energy is one of the most sustainable ways of power generation and can help not just reduce climate change but also add efficiency to the power generation and delivery system.
A solar power system can either be used as a complete power generating system or when a power backup is required. But this reliance can prove beneficial when the equipment used in the system is dependable and satisfactory.
So, to ensure that you remember to make the purchase, only trust reputable brands such as Luminous.